727 FinanceHaɓaka Ethereum yana sake rubuta tushen ma'ana, kuma labarin Rollup da ya taɓa yin zafi yanzu yana fuskantar sake dubawa.
Written by William M. Peaster, Bankless
Compiled by Saoirse, Foresight News
Ethereum Name Service (ENS) ya kammala babban haɓakawa mafi girma a tarihinsa. Musamman ma, an tura wannan haɓakawa kai tsaye a kan Ethereum mainnet, maimakon a kan cibiyar Layer 2 da aka yi shiri shekaru da yawa.
A ranar Talata, 27 ga Oktoba, ENS v2 ya fara aiki a hukumance a L1. Amma tun watanni tara da suka wuce, ENS ta riga ta yi watsi da Namechain, sarkar Rollup da aka yi niyyar ɗaukar wannan haɓakawa.
ENS ba ita kaɗai ba ce. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, ƙarin ayyuka sun zaɓi ficewa daga cibiyoyin Layer 2, ajiye shirye-shiryen gina L2 nasu, ko rufe sarƙoƙi na musamman da aka riga aka ƙaddamar, suna mayar da kwangilolin su na asali zuwa Ethereum L1.
A taƙaice, wannan wani guguwa ne na komawa zuwa mainnet.
Babban yanayin wannan yanayin: an ƙara iyakar Gas na Ethereum (adadin lissafin da block ɗaya zai iya ɗauka) daga miliyan 30 zuwa miliyan 60 a cikin 2025, kuma kuɗin ma'amala na L1 ya ragu sosai sakamakon haka.
Ethereum ya ƙara iyakar Gas na block daga miliyan 30 zuwa miliyan 60 a matakai a cikin 2025, yayin da yake nuna muhimman abubuwan da suka faru kamar post ɗin Synthetix, labarin Vitalik, da ƙaddamar da ENS v2 a L1; haɓakawar Glamsterdam ta riga ta kai iyakar Gas na miliyan 200 a kan gwajin Sepolia, amma ranar ƙaddamar da mainnet ba a yanke shawara ba.
A halin yanzu, kuɗin gina sarkar jama'a daga farko ya nuna yana da tsada sosai. A wannan watan kaɗai, cibiyoyin Layer 2 guda biyu, Blast da Abstract, sun sanar da rufewarsu cikin kwanaki huɗu tsakanin juna.
Bari mu bi cikakken hoton, daga wannan domino na ƙarshe da ya faɗi.
Me ya sa ENS ta zaɓi ta kasance a Ethereum
Kamar yadda kuka sani, ENS na iya juya adiresoshin walat masu tsawo zuwa sunayen yanki masu sauƙin karantawa da tunawa kamar "william.eth".
ENS v2 cikakken sake gina dukkan yarjejeniyar ne. A taƙaice, kowane yanki na ENS yanzu zai iya kafa tsarin rajista mai zaman kansa don ƙananan yankuna; masu riƙe yanki suna samun ikon sarrafa izini dalla-dalla, kuma suna iya biyan kuɗin da suka dace ta amfani da tsayayyun kuɗi kamar USDC.
Amma abin da ya fi cancantar tattaunawa a wannan labarin shi ne inda aka tura v2. Tun a watan Mayu 2024, na rubuta "Farawa da ENS v2," inda na gabatar da shirin ENS Labs na ƙaura yarjejeniyar zuwa cibiyar Layer 2, wanda daga baya ya zama Rollup na musamman — Namechain. A lokacin, na yi imanin wannan haɓakawa na iya buɗe sabon mataki ga ENS don shiga cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya.
ENS v2 ya buɗe sabon mataki — amma ba a L2 ba. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, wanda ya kafa ENS Nick Johnson ya bayyana sauyin: "Ethereum L1 yana haɓakawa, kuma yana haɓakawa da sauri fiye da yadda yawancin mutane suka yi tsammani shekaru biyu da suka wuce."
Gaskiyar ta tabbatar da hakan: tare da haɓakar Ethereum, kuɗin Gas na rajistar yankin ENS ya ragu da 99% a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Bugu da ƙari, Nick ya yi jayayya cewa cibiyoyin Layer 2 suna gabatar da ƙarin zato na amana waɗanda ba su wanzu a L1 kanta.
Vitalik Buterin shi ma ya goyi bayan shawarar a bainar jama'a a wannan ranar: "Wannan shawara ce mai hikima!"
Domino suna faɗi ɗaya bayan ɗayaENS shine sabuwar memba ce a wannan "jerin dawowa," amma ba ta farko ba.
Takaitaccen bayani kan ayyukan da suka koma Ethereum mainnet daga cibiyoyin Layer 2 (ko da farko sun yi shirin gina L2 na kansu) a cikin shekarar 2026, tare da lura da dandalin da aka ƙaura daga gare shi, lokacin, da ci gaban ƙaura.
Synthetix ya kasance farkon mai motsi. Yana daga cikin na farko da suka ƙaddamar a kan Ethereum Rollup a shekarar 2021, amma a watan Yuni 2025 ya wallafa labarin "L2s Are Dead, Long Live Ethereum," wanda ya nuna kai tsaye ga matsaloli kamar rarrabuwar ruwa.
Sannan Synthetix a hankali ya rage tura L2 ɗinsa a wannan bazara, kuma sabon musayar sa na gabaɗaya ya ƙaddamar a L1 a watan Disamba. Wanda ya kafa Kain Warwick daga baya ya yarda: "Na shafe shekaru biyu ina tallata labarin L2, amma wannan hanyar ba ta yi wa Synthetix aiki ba, don haka muka zaɓi komawa mainnet."
Sannan a watan Fabrairu, Vitalik Buterin ya wallafa labarin da ke jayayya cewa yayin da L1 kanta ke ci gaba da haɓaka, hanyar cibiyoyin Layer 2 zuwa cikakken rarrabuwar kai tana da nisa sosai kuma tana da wahala fiye da yadda aka yi tsammani da farko. Ya kammala cewa ainihin hangen nesa na cibiyoyin Layer 2, da matsayinsu a cikin yanayin Ethereum, ba su wanzu kuma.
Kuma bayan kwana uku, ENS ya dakatar da aikin Namechain.
A wannan bazara, Superseed ya zama wani misali na yau da kullum. Ainihin tsarin sa na asali ya dogara ne akan kuɗaɗen daga sarkar Layer 2 ɗinsa don biyan lamunin masu amfani. Amma aikin a hukumance ya soke wannan sarkar a ranar 15 ga Agusta, kuma a halin yanzu yana ƙaura dukkan yanayin sa zuwa Ethereum mainnet, inda ya maye gurbin tsarin kuɗaɗen sarkar da dabarun samun riba na matakin aikace-aikace.
A watan Satumba, Trueo, yarjejeniyar kasuwar tsinkaya da ke bayan kasuwar DefiLlama, ya sanar da "komawa Ethereum" daga Base. Vitalik ya nuna goyon baya ga shirin.
Oktoba kuma ta ga guguwar motsi iri ɗaya:
ShapeShift: ya ƙaura shirin rFOX staking daga Arbitrum zuwa L1 a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, saboda mafi yawan alamar FOX ana ajiye su ne a mainnet.
Blast: ya sanar da rufewa a hankali a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, saboda kuɗin shiga na sarkar ba zai iya biyan kuɗaɗen aiki ba.
Nillion: ya ƙaddamar da cibiyar Blacklight a L1 a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, tare da taswirar hanya da ke nuna tsarin ritaya na L2 ɗinsa.
Abstract: a hukumance ya sanar a ranar 6 ga Oktoba cewa zai rufe a ranar 15 ga Disamba, bayan ya yanke hukuncin cewa tsarin sarkar jama'a mai zaman kansa da aka yi wa talakawa kawai ba zai dawwama ba.
Wasu ayyukan NFT a cikin yanayin Abstract, kamar ROMs na Gigaverse da BEARISH, suma sun sanar da ƙaura zuwa L1.
Babban jihar yana komawa L1?
Bayan waɗannan ƙaura akwai wani yanayi mai zurfi: ayyuka suna raba ajiyar jiha daga aiwatar da lissafi.
Dauki sabbin kwangilolin gabaɗaya na Synthetix a matsayin misali: ana daidaita oda a wajen sarkar, amma ana ajiye kuɗin masu amfani a Ethereum L1, kuma ana kammala cinikin a L1.Sannan ka dubi Derive V3, wani aiki da na yi nazari a kai a farkon wannan watan: don tabbatar da saurin ciniki, ana yin daidaita oda a wajen sarkar; ana tabbatar da lissafin haɗari ta hanyar hujjojin sifili-sani; kuma ana ajiye kuɗin masu amfani a cikin kwangilolin Ethereum L1.
ENS v2 yana bin wannan hanyar guda: ana ajiye NFTs ɗin yankin da kansu a L1; ƙananan yankuna na iya samun warwarewar sifili-Gas a L2 ko a wajen sarkar ta hanyar ma'aunin CCIP-Read, wanda ke rage farashin amfani. CCIP-Read yana ba da damar yankuna su nuna bayanan da aka ajiye a wani wuri.
Wato, manyan ɓangarorin da suke da ƙima mai yawa (tsare dukiya, tabbatar da mallaka, daidaita ma'amala) suna komawa L1, yayin da ayyukan da suka fi yawa na lissafi ke gudana a cikin mafi arha kuma mafi sauri yanayi. Wannan ya bambanta sosai da tsarin Rollup na gargajiya: Rollups na gargajiya suna ɗaukar duka jiha da lissafi, kuma masu amfani dole ne su bi hanyar fita mai wahala don cire dukiyarsu.
Kwatancen gine-gine uku: Rollups na gargajiya suna ajiye duka jiha da lissafin aiwatarwa a Layer 2; sabbin aikace-aikacen haɗaka suna ajiye muhimman jihohi kamar kuɗi da daidaitawa a Ethereum L1 yayin da suke motsa hadaddun lissafi zuwa wajen sarkar; kuma L1.5 ephemeral Rollups suna ajiye jiha ta sirri a cikin walat ɗin mai amfani, L1 na ajiye alkawuran jiha da hujjojin inganci kawai, ba tare da ajiyar bayanai na dindindin a tsakanin ba.
Tabbas, wasu hanyoyin fasaha suna sannu-sannu suna shafe iyaka tsakanin L1 da sauran yanayi.
Ka ɗauki Ethereum Economic Zone (EEZ), wanda na gabatar a watan Maris: manufarsa ita ce cimma haɗin gwiwa na aiki tare tsakanin Ethereum da Rollups ɗinsa — wato, kwangiloli a kan sarƙoƙi daban-daban na iya yin mu'amala kai tsaye a cikin ma'amala ɗaya.
EEZ ba game da cire aikace-aikace daga L2 ba, amma game da sa Rollups su ji kamar wani ɓangare na L1. Ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen da suka danganci: a watan Agusta, GnosisDAO ya zaɓi canza Gnosis Chain daga L1 mai zaman kansa zuwa Rollup na gine-ginen EEZ.
Akwai kuma sabbin ra'ayoyi waɗanda ba a gwada su ba tukuna. A wannan makon, mai bincike namnc ya gabatar da ephemeral rollups, wanda kuma ake kira L1.5, a dandalin Ethereum Research, yana ɗaukar ra'ayin rabuwar jiha da lissafi zuwa matsayi mafi girma.Ƙididdigar wannan ƙira ita ce: L1 yana ajiye alkawuran jihar mai amfani kawai kuma yana tabbatar da duk hujjoji; walat ɗin mai amfani yana tsare jiha ta sirri da kansa; lissafi ya ƙunshi ayyuka na ɗan lokaci, kuma babu jiha da ke wanzuwa bayan aiwatarwa ta ƙare. Tun da L1.5 ba ya ajiye jiha na dindindin, a zahiri babu tsarin fitar da dukiya ma.
Duk da haka, wannan guguwar komawa tana da sharadi ɗaya: Ethereum L1 dole ne ya ci gaba da riƙe isasshen ƙarfin lissafi. Idan ayyuka sun yi ta kwarara cikin sauri fiye da yadda L1 ke faɗaɗawa, kuɗin Gas zai sake yin tsalle, kuma duk yanayin zai juya.
Babban haɓakar faɗaɗa Ethereum Glamsterdam an dage shirin ƙaddamar da cibiyar gwajinsa a makon da ya gabata, kuma Gidauniyar Ethereum ta ce ba a ƙayyade lokacin kunna babbar hanyar ba tukuna.Amma Glamsterdam ya riga ya ɗaga iyakar Gas a testnet zuwa miliyan 200, fiye da sau uku na iyakar miliyan 60 na yanzu. Idan aka yi la'akari da tasirin rage kuɗi na ninka iyakar Gas da aka yi a baya, idan an aiwatar da wannan a kan mainnet daga baya, ƙarfin L1 zai kasance mai yawa.
Ko yaya abubuwa za su kasance, yanayin a bayyane yake: ƙarin ayyuka suna mayar da mahimman bayanan yanayinsu zuwa L1, kuma ENS shine sabon memba.